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Effective Practice and Organisation of Care reviews by topic

Issue 7, 2010 of The Cochrane Library included 2 reviews and 4 protocols on improving professional practice and the delivery of effective health services.  A full list of topics and reviews is given below.

Click on the title to view the full review or protocol

Log on to The Cochrane Library to read protocols and full reviews. (click here for search tip)

[R] Cochrane review

[P] Protocol for Cochrane review
[S] Summary of Cochrane review available

Quick links to topics:

 

Topic Reviews and Protocols 
Click on title to view review or protocol
Reviews of specific types of interventions
Distribution of educational materials
 
  1. Electronic access to health information and/or knowledge by health professionals to improve practice and patient care  [P]
 
Educational meetings (including lectures, workshops and traineeships):
  1. Continuing education meetings and workshops: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes  [R]

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Local consensus processes:
  1. Local consensus processes: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes  [P]

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Educational outreach visits:
  1. Educational outreach visits: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes  [R]

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Local opinion leaders:
  1. Local opinion leaders: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes  [R]

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Patient mediated interventions:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Audit and feedback:
  1. Audit and feedback: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes  [R]
  2. Audit filters for improving processes of care and clinical outcomes in trauma systems  [R]
  3. Continuous quality improvement: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes  [P]

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Reminders (including computerised decision support systems):
  1. Computer-generated paper reminders: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes  [P]
  2. Manual paper reminders: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes  [P]
  3. The effects of on-screen, point of care computer reminders on processes and outcomes of care.  [R]

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Marketing:
  1. Tailored interventions to overcome identified barriers to change: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes  [R]

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Mass media:
  1. Mass media interventions: effects on health services utilisation  [R]

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Other:
  1. Continuous quality improvement: effects on professional practice and patient outcomes  [P]
  2. Educational games for health professionals  [R]
  3. Electronic retrieval of health information by healthcare providers to improve practice and patient care  [R]
  4. Interprofessional education: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes  [R]
  5. Interventions to improve question formulation in professional practice and self-directed learning  [R]
  6. Outreach strategies for expanding health insurance coverage in children  [P]

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Reviews of specific types of interventions - Financial interventions - Provider oriented

Fee-for-service:

  1. Capitation, salary, fee-for-service and mixed systems of payment: effects on the behaviour of primary care physicians  [R]

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Prepaid (no other description):

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Capitation / Provider salaried service:
  1. Capitation, salary, fee-for-service and mixed systems of payment: effects on the behaviour of primary care physicians  [R]

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Prospective payment:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Provider incentives:
  1. Paying for performance to improve the delivery of health interventions in low and middle-income countries  [P]
  2. Target payments in primary care: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes  [R]
  3. The effect of financial incentives on the quality of health care provided by primary care physicians  [P]

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Institution incentives:
  1. Financial benefits for child health and well-being in low income or socially disadvantaged families in developed world countries  [P]
  2. The effect of social franchising on access to and quality of health services in low- and middle-income countries  [P]

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Provider grant/allowance:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Institution grant/allowance:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Provider penalty:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Institution penalty:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Formulary:
  1. Pharmaceutical policies: effects of cap and co-payment on rational drug use [R]
  2. Pharmaceutical policies- effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies  [R]

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Reviews of specific types of interventions - Financial interventions - Patient oriented

Premium:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Co-payment:
  1. Changes in out-of-pocket payments on utilisation of health care services  [R]

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User fee:
  1. Changes in out-of-pocket payments on utilisation of health care services  [R]

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Patient incentives:
  1. The impact of conditional cash transfers on health outcomes and use of health services in low and middle income countries  [R]

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Patient grant/allowance:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Patient penalty:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Reviews of specific types of interventions - Organisational interventions - Provider oriented

Revision of professional roles:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Clinical multidisciplinary teams:
  1. Consultation liaison in primary practice for mental health problems  [P]
  2. Effect of outpatient pharmacists' non-dispensing roles on patient outcomes and prescribing patterns  [R]
  3. Expanding the roles of outpatient pharmacists: effects on health services utilisation, costs, and patient outcomes  [R]
  4. Interprofessional collaboration: effects of practice-based interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes  [R]
  5. Interventions for improving the adoption of shared decision making by healthcare professionals  [R]
  6. Interventions to change the behaviour of health professionals and the organisation of care to promote weight reduction in overweight and obese people  [R]
  7. Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious diseases  [R]  [S]
  8. The effectiveness of strategies to change organisational culture to improve healthcare performance  [P]
  9. Workplace-based organisational interventions to prevent and control obesity by improving dietary intake and/or increasing physical activity  [P]

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Formal integration of services:
  1. Clinical pathways: effects on professional practice, patient outcomes, length of stay and hospital costs  [R]
  2. Interprofessional collaboration: effects of practice-based interventions on professional practice and healthcare outcomes  [R]
  3. Strategies for integrating primary health services in middle- and low-income countries at the point of delivery  [R]
  4. Supervision outreach visits to improve the quality of primary health care in low- and middle-income countries  [P]

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Skill mix changes (changes in numbers, types or qualifications of staff):
  1. Dietary advice given by a dietician versus other health professional or self-help resources to reduce blood cholesterol  [R]
  2. Effects of changes in the pre-licensure education of health workers on health worker supply  [R] 
  3. In-service training for health professionals to improve care of the seriously ill newborn or child in low and middle-income countries  [R]
  4. On-site mental health workers delivering psychological therapy and psychosocial interventions to patients in primary care: effects on the professional practice of primary care providers  [R]
  5. Primary and community health care professionals in hospital emergency departments: effects on process and outcome of care and resources  [P]
  6. Substitution of doctors by nurses in primary care  [R]

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Continuity of care:

Arrangements for follow up:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Case management (including co-ordination of assessment, treatment and arrangements for referral):
  1. Admission avoidance hospital at home  [R]
  2. Case management: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes  [P]
  3. Early discharge hospital at home  [R]
  4. Effectiveness of shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in chronic disease management  [R]

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Satisfaction of providers with the conditions of work and its material and psychic rewards (eg interventions to 'boost morale'):
  1. Flexible working conditions and their effects on employee health and wellbeing  [R]
  2. Interventions for increasing the proportion of health professionals practising in rural and other underserved areas  [R]
  3. Preventive staff-support interventions for health workers  [P]

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Communication and case discussion between distant health professionals (eg telephone links; telemedicine):
  1. Telemedicine versus face to face patient care: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes  [R]

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Reviews of specific types of interventions - Organisational interventions - Patient oriented

Mail order pharmacies:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Presence and functioning of adequate mechanisms for dealing with client suggestions and complaints:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Consumer participation in governance of health care organisation:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Reviews of specific types of interventions - Organisational interventions - Structural interventions

Changes in the setting/site of service delivery:

  1. Antenatal day care units versus hospital admission for women with complicated pregnancy  [R]
  2. Care home versus hospital and own home environments for rehabilitation of older people  [R] [s]
  3. Early discharge hospital at home  [R]  [S]
  4. Effectiveness of intermediate care in nursing led in patients  [R]  [S]
  5. Home-based versus centre-based cardiac rehabilitation  [R]
  6. Hospital nurse staffing models and patient and staff-related outcomes  [P]
  7. Institutional versus at-home long term care for functionally dependent older people  [R]
  8. Medical day hospital care for the elderly versus alternative forms of care  [R]
  9. On-site mental health workers delivering psychological therapy and psychosocial interventions to patients in primary care: effects on the professional practice of primary care providers  [R]
  10. Open general medical wards versus specialist psychiatric units for acute psychoses  [R]
  11. Planned home versus hospital care for preterm prelabour rupture of the membranes (PPROM) prior to 37 weeks' gestation  [P]
  12. Service organisation for the secondary prevention of ischaemic heart disease in primary care  [R]
  13. Telephone consultation and triage: effects on health care use and patient satisfaction  [R]  [S]

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Changes in physical structure, facilities and equipment:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Changes in medical record systems:
  1. Nursing record systems: effects on nursing practice and health care outcomes  [R]

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Changes in scope and nature of benefits and services:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Presence and organisation of quality monitoring mechanisms:
  1. The effectiveness of the public release of performance data in changing consumer, healthcare professional or organisational behaviour.  [P]

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Ownership, accreditation, and affiliation status of hospitals and other facilities:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Staff organisation:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Other:
  1. Effects of interventions aimed at changing the length of primary care physicians' consultation  [R]  [S]
  2. The effect of social franchising on access to and quality of health services in low- and middle-income countries  [R]
  3. The impact of contracting out on health outcomes and use of health services in low and middle-income countries  [R]

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Reviews of specific types of interventions - Organisational interventions - Regulatory interventions

Changes in medical liability:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Management of patient complaints:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Peer review:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Licensure:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Reviews of interventions to improve specific types of practice Clinical preventive services:
  1. Interventions for improving coverage of child immunization in low-income and middle-income countries  [P]
  2. Patient reminder and recall systems to improve immunization rates  [R]

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Diagnosis:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Test ordering:
  1. Interventions for improving the appropriate use of imaging in people with musculoskeletal conditions  [P]

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Referrals:
  1. No reviews currently available for this topic

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Procedures:
  1. Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters  [R]
  2. Pre-hospital emergency pathways for people with suspected stroke  [P]

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Prescribing:
  1. Computerised advice on drug dosage to improve prescribing practice  [R]
  2. Interventions for preventing osteoporosis in women on heparin therapy during pregnancy  [P]
  3. Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for hospital inpatients  [R]
  4. Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices in ambulatory care  [R]
  5. Interventions to improve evidence-based prescribing for heart failure  [P]
  6. Interventions to improve the appropriate use of polypharmacy for older people  [P]
  7. Pharmaceutical policies: effects on rational drug use, an overview of 13 reviews  [P]
  8. Pharmaceutical policies- effects of reference pricing, other pricing, and purchasing policies  [R]

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General management of a problem:
  1. End-of-life care pathways for improving outcomes in caring for the dying  [R]
  2. Indigenous healthcare worker involvement for Indigenous adults and children with asthma  [R]
  3. Interventions for increasing the proportion of health professionals practising in rural and other underserved areas  [R]
  4. Interventions for preventing occupational irritant hand dermatitis  [R]
  5. Interventions for reducing medication errors in children in hospital  [P]
  6. Interventions for reducing preventable drug-related hospital admissions or preventable drug-related morbidity in primary care  [P]
  7. Interventions to change the behaviour of health professionals and the organisation of care to promote weight reduction in overweight and obese people  [R]
  8. Interventions to improve hand hygiene compliance in patient care  [R]
  9. Interventions to improve the management of asthma in primary care settings  [P]
  10. Interventions to improve the management of diabetes mellitus in primary care, outpatient and community settings  [R]
  11. Interventions to increase the use of screening and brief intervention programmes for hazardous alcohol consumption by patients in primary care settings  [P]
  12. Interventions to reduce waiting lists for elective procedures  [P]
  13. Lay health workers in primary and community health care for maternal and child health and the management of infectious diseases  [R]  [S]
  14. Non-clinical interventions for reducing unnecessary caesarean section  [P]
  15. Outreach and Early Warning Systems (EWS) for the prevention of intensive care admission and death of critically ill adult patients on general hospital wards  [R]
  16. Printed educational materials- effects on professional practice and health care outcomes  [R]
  17. Professional interventions for general practitioners on the management of musculoskeletal conditions  [P]
  18. Substitution of doctors by nurses in primary care  [R]  [S]

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Patient education/advice:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Professional-patient communication:

No reviews currently available for this topic

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Record keeping:
  1. Interventions for promoting information and communication technologies adoption in healthcare professionals  [P]

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Financial (resource use):
  1. The impact of health financing strategies on access to health services in low and middle income countries  [P]
  2. Sensory environment on health-related outcomes of hospital patients  [P]

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Discharge planning:
  1. Discharge planning from hospital to home  [R]
  2. Very early discharge versus early discharge versus non-early discharge in pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia  [P]

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Patient outcomes:
  1. Advice to rest in bed versus advice to stay active for acute low-back pain and sciatica  [R]

  2. Specialist home-based nursing services for children with acute and chronic illnesses  [R]  [S]

  3. Specialist outreach clinics in primary care and rural hospital settings  [R]

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Broad overviews (summaries to provide guidance for different target audiences, such as clinicians, consumers, policy makers, guideline developers, educators etc, eg strategies to introduce clinical practice guidelines)
  1. Care home versus hospital and own home environments for rehabilitation of older people  [R]
  2. Collaboration between local health and local government agencies for health improvement  [P]
  3. Effectiveness of knowledge translation interventions to improve cancer pain management  [P]
  4. Guidelines in professions allied to medicine  [R]
  5. Improving surgical practice - a systematic review of effective education strategies to improve surgical technical skills in operative procedures  [P]
  6. Incentives and disincentives to participation by clinicians in randomised controlled trials  [R]
  7. Organisational infrastructures to promote evidence based nursing practice  [R]
  8. Organising health care services for persons with an intellectual disability  [R]
  9. Policy interventions implemented through sporting organisations for promoting healthy behaviour change  [R]
  10. Smart home technologies for health and social care support  [R]
  11. Strategies for communicating contraceptive effectiveness  [R]
  12. Strategies to improve recruitment to randomised controlled trials  [R]
  13. Teaching critical appraisal skills in health care settings  [R]
  14. Telehealthcare for asthma  [P] 
  15. Telephone consultation and triage: effects on health care use and patient satisfaction  [R]

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Last updated 19 Jul 2010

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